How To Deal With Upper Respiratory Tract Infection During Pregnancy?

Rest and hydration at home are usually sufficient but do not hesitate to speak to a doctor.

Medically reviewed by Dr. Neha Singh, MS Dr. Neha Singh Dr. Neha SinghMS Follow MomJunction on Linkedin Specialty: Obstetrics and GynecologyExperience: 8 years
Written by , MSc shreeja pillai MSc Follow MomJunction on Linkedin Specialty: Pharma and HealthExperience: 2.5 years
Edited by , BSc Rebecca Malachi BSc Follow MomJunction on Linkedin Specialty: Pregnancy, Health and WellnessExperience: 12 years
Fact-checked by , M.Pharm, PhD Dr. Joyani Das M.Pharm, PhD Follow MomJunction on Linkedin Specialty: Pharma, Health and WellnessExperience: 3.5 years
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Pregnant Woman Seeking Treatment For Respiratory Infection

Image: Shutterstock

Pregnancy brings about a lot of changes that you may be unaware of earlier.

While managing all minor discomforts and transitions, an upper respiratory tract infection during pregnancy is not easy to cope with. A cold is the result of a viral infection in the upper respiratory tract. Most people find it annoying to deal with a cold in a normal state; it is more difficult to cope with it while pregnant. Moreover, most viral infections do not usually respond to antibiotic medications; hence they take their course to come down eventually. Keep reading to know more about the types, signs, and prevention of upper respiratory tract infections when pregnant.

In This Article

Key Pointers

  • Influenza, chickenpox, fifth disease, cytomegalovirus, and rubella can affect the upper respiratory tract.
  • The common cold and flu (influenza) are the most common causes of upper respiratory tract infections in pregnancy.
  • Management of upper respiratory tract infection during pregnancy includes keeping fever under control, using a humidifier, trying natural remedies like basil and honey, and ensuring adequate hydration and rest.
  • Immediate medical attention is essential for symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, a fever above 100.4°F, or persistent diarrhea or vomiting.
  • Prevention measures for upper respiratory tract infections include frequent hand washing, maintaining clean surroundings, avoiding crowded places and exposure to dust and pollen, and using sanitizer while traveling.

Kinds Of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

The common cold is not the only infection that can affect your upper respiratory tract . Some other viral upper airway infections include:

  • Influenza
  • Chickenpox (varicella)
  • Fifth diseasei Viral disease caused by parvovirus B19 characterized by rashes on the arms, cheeks, and legs.
  • CytomegalovirusiA virus present in an inactive state in humans, capable of causing contagious infections in people with weak immunity.
  • Rubella
  • Sinusitis
  • Epiglottitis
  • Pharyngitis
  • Laryngitis

Fortunately, most women do not have to deal with many of these illnesses during pregnancy. A cold or flu is the most common maternal respiratory infection encountered during pregnancy.

Most people often think that cold and flu are the same. But that is not true. Though both are upper respiratory tract infections and resemble each other, they have some subtle differences.

Signs And Symptoms Of Cold

An acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract can cause a common cold

. The symptoms of a cold may include:

  • Headache
  • Loss of smell
  • Body aches
  • Cough
  • Runny nose

    Runny nose, upper respiratory tract infection during pregnancy

    Image: IStock

  • Nasal congestion

Signs And Symptoms Of Influenza

Influenza or the flu is also a viral infection that affects the upper respiratory tract

. It is usually a common complaint during the winter months.

The symptoms of flu can set in suddenly and include:

  • Chills
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Body ache
  • Weakness
  • Sweating
  • Runny nose
  • Coughing

    Cough and upper respiratory tract infection during pregnancy

    Image: IStock

  • Sore throat
  • Sneezing
  • Nasal discharge or Runny nose
  • Coughing


protip_icon Quick fact
Influenza does not usually cross the placenta to infect the baby. However, in an extremely rare case in 2009, a newborn was infected with the H1N1 virus as the mother was infected close to her due date (2).

Treating Common Upper Respiratory Tract Infection During Pregnancy

When you are pregnant, even simple illnesses may last longer or have a more serious effect than usual, because of your weakened immune system.

In any case, your best bet during a cold or flu is to find as much comfort as you can.

Some things you can do to manage your cold or flu symptoms include:

1. Rest

An upper respiratory tract infection can leave you weak. So, rest as much as you possibly can.

2. Keep Yourself Hydrated

It is very easy to become dehydrated when you are down with a cold. So keep taking fluids. Remember, dehydration can slow down the baby’s growth and lead to premature labor and birth!

3. Keep Fever Under Control

Keeping fever under control in pregnancy

Image: Shutterstock

If you develop a fever, try to keep it below 100.4° F. High fever during pregnancy can cause several birth defects in your unborn baby like neural tube defectsiCongenital abnormalities in the brain, spine, or spinal cord that usually happen during the early weeks of pregnancy. , microphthalmiaiA condition where babies are born with abnormally developed (or small) eyes. , cataractiA condition that causes the eye's lens to become cloudy. , microcephalyiA rare condition where the baby's head size is less than average at birth. , functional and behavioral problems (1).

Some steps you can take to manage your fever include:

  • Wearing loose clothes to allow body heat to escape.
  • You should also try taking a bath with lukewarm water.
  • You can use medications to reduce fever after consulting your doctor.

4. Say Goodbye To Congestion

Congestion can cause acute distress during a cold. To find relief from nasal congestion, try some extra humidity. Use a humidifier in your room. You can also use a neti pot or saline water for some relief.

5. Cough No More

A persistent cough in pregnancy can cause discomfort to pregnant women. So, try using home remedies like basil leaf, ginger, honey, etc. for relief. Consult your doctor before using cough or flu medicine, as some over-the-counter drugs may not be safe for use during pregnancy.

protip_icon Quick fact
Vaccination or a flu shot has been shown to decrease the risk of flu-related acute respiratory infection in pregnant women by about half (8).

When To Seek Medical Help?

Most cold and flu cases are time-bound and pass without many issues. But in some cases, it may be important to call your doctor. See your doctor if:

  • You develop abdominal cramps that refuse to go away.
  • You develop diarrhea and vomiting.
  • You experience vaginal bleeding
  • Your fever shoots up above 100.4°F.
  • You develop chest pain and shortness of breath.

    Seek medical help for chest pain or breathing difficulty

    Image: IStock

  • Wheezing
  • Your symptoms persist beyond a week.

Preventing Upper Respiratory Tract Infection In Pregnancy

The H1N1 virus mimics the common cold and flu virus but can prove to be fatal for pregnant women(2)

. That is why it is important to keep an eye on your upper respiratory tract infections.

Severe cases of upper respiratory tract infections can cause premature birth, lower birth weights, cesarean delivery, etc (3).

If you want to avoid these complications, you can opt for the flu vaccine. You can also try the H1N1 vaccine that provides your body with immunity against Swine flu. Many pregnant women are wary of trying these vaccines for fear of harming their babies. Don’t worry! Studies show that flu vaccines, including the H1N1 vaccine, do not cause adverse pregnancy fallouts (4). A CDC report published in 2020 revealed that approximately 60% of pregnant women in the United States received the influenza vaccine during the season before the study.

Some other methods you can use to prevent upper respiratory tract infections can comprise the following (5):

  • Washing your hands often.
  • Avoiding crowded places.
  • Keeping your home clean and dust-free.
  • Avoiding exposure to smoke and pollen.
  • If you are traveling, carry a hand sanitizer.

    Carrying sanitizer to prevent infections during pregnancy

    Image: Shutterstock

  • Do not rub your eyes as that can transmit virus to your nasal cavity through the tear ducts.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What vitamins are good for upper respiratory tract infection?

Studies have shown that vitamins C and D supplementation could help reduce the risk of upper respiratory tract infections. Moreover, vitamin C and zinc might aid in alleviating the symptoms of acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) (6).

2. What can a pregnant woman take for an upper respiratory tract infection?

Most pregnant women do not acquire serious respiratory tract infections. But if they do, seek medical advice on the right interventions to avoid complications. According to a few studies, erythromycin monotherapy is the initial line of treatment and is considered safe in women with moderate to severe prenatal respiratory infections, such as pneumonia (7).

3. How can pregnant women boost their immune system to prevent upper respiratory tract infections?

During pregnancy, the immune system changes to protect the baby, making you more prone to respiratory infections. Pregnant women may boost their immune system to prevent upper respiratory tract infections by maintaining a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals, taking the prescribed prenatal vitamins, staying physically active within their healthcare provider’s guidelines, and practicing good hygiene, such as regular handwashing and avoiding close contact with sick individuals. Getting adequate rest and managing stress can also support a healthy immune system during pregnancy.

4. How can pregnant women manage their symptoms and continue their daily routines while dealing with an upper respiratory tract infection?

Pregnant women dealing with an upper respiratory tract infection may manage their symptoms and continue their daily routines by getting plenty of rest, staying hydrated, and taking over-the-counter medications approved by their healthcare provider for symptom relief. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and guidance tailored to the specific needs and circumstances of the pregnancy.

5. Are there any natural remedies for an upper respiratory tract infection during pregnancy?

While it is always vital for pregnant women to consult with their healthcare provider before using any natural remedies, some options may help alleviate symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. These can include drinking warm fluids like herbal teas or honey-infused warm water for soothing the throat, using saline nasal rinses or sprays for congestion relief, inhaling steam from a warm shower or bowl of hot water to help with congestion, and using a humidifier to add moisture to the air and ease breathing. However, discussing these remedies with a healthcare professional is crucial to ensure they are safe and appropriate for your specific situation.

6. What are the long-term effects of an upper respiratory tract infection during pregnancy?

There could be serious long-term effects of upper respiratory tract infection. Pregnant women diagnosed with pneumonia are at increased risk of experiencing medical complications, including conditions like meningitis, pericarditis, empyema, and endocarditis and pregnancy complications such as fetal distress, low birth weight, and preterm birth. URTI showed a positive correlation with preterm delivery and cesarean delivery. It is important to note that further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between URTI and adverse perinatal outcomes (9).

A cold or flu is the most common upper respiratory tract infection during pregnancy. Rubella, chickenpox, and cytomegalovirus also can affect the upper respiratory tract. However, the availability of vaccines and preventive measures reduces the risk of these infections in pregnant women. Headaches, runny or stuffy nose, cough, mild fever, and body pain are common symptoms of respiratory infections. Adequate rest, hydration, and fever medications can manage these infections. Getting flu vaccination, maintaining hand and respiratory hygiene, and avoiding close contact with sick people may prevent the spread.

Infographic: Visit Your OB-GYN If You Notice These Symptoms

Respiratory illnesses such as the common cold are generally self-resolving when mild; however, if the symptoms of these infections last for a while during pregnancy, it warrants prompt medical attention. This infographic explains when to see a doctor for upper respiratory tract infections during pregnancy.

concerning signs of upper respiratory tract infection in pregnancy (infographic)

Illustration: Momjunction Design Team

Illustration: How To Manage Upper Respiratory Infection During Pregnancy?

upper respiratory tract infection during pregnancy_illustration

Image: Stable Diffusion/MomJunction Design Team

References

MomJunction's articles are written after analyzing the research works of expert authors and institutions. Our references consist of resources established by authorities in their respective fields. You can learn more about the authenticity of the information we present in our editorial policy.
  1. Marshall J Edwards; (2006); Review: Hyperthermia and fever during pregnancy.
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16933304/
  2. H1N1 Flu.
    https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/in_the_news/pregnancy_qa.htm
  3. Julia Harris and Eyal Sheiner; (2013); Does an upper respiratory tract infection during pregnancy affect perinatal outcomes? A literature review.
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23361838/
  4. Björn Pasternak et al.; (2012); Vaccination against pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza in pregnancy and risk of fetal death: cohort study in Denmark.
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22551713/
  5. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8709-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd
  6. Ajibola Ibraheem Abioye et al., (2021); Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7818810/
  7. Vanessa Laibl and Jeanne Sheffield; (2006); The Management of Respiratory Infections During Pregnancy.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7118874/
  8. Influenza (Flu) Vaccine and Pregnancy.
    https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-pregnancy/moms-to-be/index.html

 

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Dr. Neha Singh
Dr. Neha SinghMS OB/GYN
Dr Neha Singh has over eight years of experience as a gynaecologist and more than four years experience as an IVF specialist and endoscopic surgeon. She won an award for her paper on ‘Maternal & Child Health' in UPCOG 2016.

Read full bio of Dr. Neha Singh
shreeja pillai
shreeja pillaiMSc
Shreeja holds a postgraduate degree in Chemistry and diploma in Drug Regulatory Affairs from the University of Mumbai. Before joining MomJunction, she worked as a research analyst with a leading multinational pharmaceutical company.

Read full bio of shreeja pillai
Rebecca Malachi
Rebecca MalachiBSc
Rebecca is a pregnancy writer and editor with a passion for delivering research-based and engaging content in areas of fertility, pregnancy, birth, and post-pregnancy. She did her graduation in Biotechnology and Genetics from Loyola Academy, Osmania University and obtained a certification in ‘Nutrition and Lifestyle in Pregnancy’ from Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU).

Read full bio of Rebecca Malachi
Dr. Joyani Das
Dr. Joyani DasM.Pharm, PhD
Dr. Joyani Das did her post-graduation from Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra and PhD in Pharmacology. Previously, she worked as an associate professor, faculty of Pharmacology, for two years. With her research background in preclinical studies and a zeal for scientific writing, she joined MomJunction as a health writer.

Read full bio of Dr. Joyani Das
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