Baby Heat Rash: Types, Symptoms And Treatment

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Heat rashes affect about 40 percent of newborns, mostly in the first month of their lives (1). A baby’s heat rash is often due to underdeveloped sweat glands. However, in some cases, heat rashes may occur due to the blockage and inflammation of sweat glands or overheating. This can be made worse by hot weather, humidity, or wearing too many layers of clothing. Irrespective of the cause, these rashes can be treated with home remedies after consulting a pediatrician.

Read about the types, symptoms, risk factors, treatment, and prevention of heat rash in babies.

Types Of Heat Rashes In Babies

Heat rashes, also known as prickly heat or miliaria, can be of different types, depending on the location of the skin rash, its clinical features, and other factors, such as the baby’s age (2) (3) (4).

• Miliaria crystallina: This sub-type of heat rash is commonly seen in the neck, trunk, and head areas. Miliaria crystallina mostly affects babies aged two weeks or less and is caused due to the obstruction of the sweat gland duct right beneath the skin’s surface (in the stratum corneum of epidermis).

• Miliaria rubra: It is the most common type of heat rash that might be seen in babies between one and three weeks of age. It is caused due to the blockage of the sweat gland duct present in the deeper layers of the skin (below stratum corneum).

• Miliaria profunda: This form of heat rash happens due to the blockage of sweat gland ducts at the junction of epidermis and dermis, the deepest layer of skin. This is the rarest form of miliaria, and it seldom occurs in babies.

Symptoms Of Heat Rash In Babies

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Babies experiencing heat rashes may encounter the following symptoms (5) (6).

• Skin redness accompanied by small bumps (miliaria rubra)
• Severe itching
• Prickling or slight burning sensation
• Watery blisters (miliaria crystallina)
• Swelling around the rashes
• Formation of pustules (miliaria pustulosa)

The most common areas where heat rashes occur are skin folds, such as neck folds and skin folds in the diaper area.

Treatment For Heat Rash In Babies

Miliaria crystallina usually go away within a day with no treatment. Medicinal creams or ointments are not usually recommended for the treatment of heat rashes in babies. Miliaria rubra may require application of topical steroid and miliaria pustulosa may require the application of topical antibiotics, if advised by a doctor. You may consider the following steps to reduce the intensity of the rashes and alleviate any irritation or discomfort (5).

• Cool the skin using a cloth dipped in cold water (cold compress).
• Dress your infant in light clothing.
  

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• Clean the sweat in skin folds and ensure that they remain dry.
• Keep your baby cool with the help of an air conditioner or a fan.
• Treat febrile illnesses.

A mother of three who also maintains a blog has shared her experience dealing with her son’s heat rash. She reflects, “My son had prickly heat rash. We live in a desert, and it was 105 degrees the day he was born. I was putting too many clothes on him and keeping him swaddled with a blanket and a hat on him. His immature skin had pores that got clogged easily, and he had very sensitive skin. His rash resolved within hours by keeping him out of clothes, keeping him cool, and taking him into lukewarm baths with me. To this day he still sweats a lot but doesn’t get rashes anymore from sweating (i).”

Did you know?

Applying over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream once or twice a day a day to the rash can relieve itching (2).

Prevention Of Heat Rash In Babies

Rashes are commonly caused due to the sweat blocked inside the skin layers.

You may prevent this from happening with the following interventions.

• Do not overdress your baby in heavy layers of clothing and tight clothing, as it can block the sweat glands. Use light, breathable fabrics.
• Keep the indoors cool.
• Check for signs of overheating.
• Do not put ointments, powders for oily creams, or oil on your baby’s skin or scalp as they block the skin’s pores.
• Ensure the skin folds near the neck or other body parts are clean and dry. Unclean skin folds near the neck can cause baby neck rash.
• Ensure adequate ventilation in the baby’s room.

Quick tip

Change your baby’s diaper promptly after it is wet or soiled to help prevent heat rash (2).

When To Call The Doctor

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Heat rashes usually get better on their own within 24 hours. However, contact your baby’s pediatrician if the inflamed skin persists, the rashes become enlarged, tender, and show no signs of healing after a few days. Other symptoms to look out for are (7):

• Pus in the rash
• Fever
• Swelling of the lymph nodes near the armpit or neck
• Pain and swelling surrounding the areas affected by the rash
• Constant fussiness
• Irritation interferes with the baby’s sleep and appetite

Infographic: Risk Factors For Heat Rash In Babies

Heat rash in babies can be uncomfortable due to itching and blistering. As parents, you would not want your baby to experience this. Hence we have provided the factors that increase the risk of developing these rashes. Read this infographic to learn about the risk factors and avoid them to minimize the chances of developing the rash.

Illustration: Momjunction Design Team

Illustration: Baby Heat Rash: Types Symptoms And Treatment

Image: Stable Diffusion/MomJunction Design Team

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Reviewer Author Editor Fact Checker

Dr. Shaon MitraMD

Dr. Shaon Mitra is a consultant pediatrician and neonatologist with 17 years of experience. She is attached to several hospitals in Kolkata, West Bengal, including Bellevue Clinic, ILS Hospitals Salt Lake, and Park View Superspeciality Hospital.

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Sanjana BhattacharjeeMSc

Sanjana did her post graduation in Applied Microbiology from Vellore Institute of Technology, India. Her interest in science and health, combined with her passion to write made her convert from a scientist to a writer. She believes her role at MomJunction combines the best of both worlds as she writes health-based content based on scientific evidence.

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Rohit GarooBSc, MBA

Rohit Garoo is a writer-turned-editor with over 9 years of experience in content writing, editing, and content marketing. He did his bachelors in Science at St. Xavier's College, Hyderabad, and masters in Business Administration at Osmania University.

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Anindita GhatakB.Tech

Anindita Ghatak holds a B.Tech degree in Biotechnology from Amity University, Kolkata. During the course of her studies, she has worked on different research projects in the fields of Microbiology and Bioinformatics. Anindita has over three years of experience writing medical articles for journals.

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