11 Reasons Why Baby Refuses To Eat And How To Help Them

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An appetite slump is a common problem where a baby refuses to eat. Babies have immature digestive systems that progressively develop as they grow, causing changes in their appetite. An appetite slump may normally occur in some situations, such as teething. While refusing food is a common phase for many children, it can be distressing for parents, often raising concerns about their baby’s health and nutrition. If you are worried your baby is not eating properly or may be undernourished, consult a pediatrician to know if there is an underlying cause.

This post tells you possible reasons for your baby’s refusal to eat and what you can do about it.

Possible Reasons For A Baby’s Refusal To Eat

Below are the various conditions and situations that could affect a baby’s appetite, causing refusal to eat (1).

1. Not ready for solids: Most babies begin eating solids between eight to twelve months of age. However, there may be instances when the baby is not yet ready to eat solids and instinctively rejects the food. It typically happens among young babies who have just begun eating solids.

2. Too many fluids: Babies have small tummies that fill pretty quickly. Thus, if a baby frequently drinks water and other liquids, such as fruit juice, soup, and coconut water, they may refuse to consume main meals, which could result in inadequate nourishment. This is likely to be an issue in older babies who are already on solids.
   

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3. Distraction at mealtime: Babies have a short attention span, causing them to grow distracted easily. Experts recommend maintaining calm, distraction-free meal times for babies and toddlers. Media use, such as watching TV, during meals can cause faster eating and overeating due to satiety goes unrecognized (2).

4. Aversion to certain foods: Babies may prefer some foods and dislike others based on the food items’ appearance, smell, or taste. A baby may refuse to ingest a food item they dislike. Some babies might decline to eat a food item if they have a bad experience, such as gagging on it.

5. Playing with foods: Young babies find foods with different shapes, colors, and textures attractive, and they may be more inclined to play with the food than eat it. This phase usually comes when babies begin self-feeding. The situation may come across as bothersome to parents, but most babies grow out of it eventually.

6. Growth spurt and activity variation: Babies have periods of growth spurt where their appetite increases, but their appetite may slump once the spurt is over (3). In these instances, the baby may abruptly start refusing to eat. Similarly, active babies tend to eat more, but their appetite may reduce temporarily on days when they are inactive.

7. Fear of feeding: Research shows babies may refuse to eat if they have experienced stress, fright, or fear while feeding. It can happen due to several reasons, such as forced feeding or accidental choking (4). Parents must practice healthy feeding habits to prevent the baby from developing negative feeding behavior.

8. Teething: Teething can cause temporary loss of appetite in babies and toddlers. This is often due to pain from tender and swollen gums. It is usually due to pain caused by tender and swollen gums. Research shows that babies and toddlers may lose their appetite when specific teeth, such as canines, are coming through (5). Moreover, teething causes frequent mouthing of things, which induces gagging and leads to food aversionⁱAn extreme dislike of a specific food associated with unpleasant physical symptoms. .
   

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9. Constipation: When babies transition from breast milk or formula to solids, bowel habits can change. A baby experiencing constipation due to these changes may temporarily refuse to eat. In such situations, you need to monitor changes in your baby’s bowel movements to determine the presence of constipation.

10. Acid reflux: Acid reflux causes the baby to throw up what they eat. Chronic reflux or gastroesophageal reflux diseaseⁱA condition in which the stomach content moves back into the esophagus, causing a baby to spit up food or fluid. (GERD) may even lead to inflammation in the esophagus and pain while swallowing, causing the baby to refuse to eat (6).

11. Food intolerance: Babies may have food intolerances, such as lactose intoleranceⁱA disorder in which the body cannot digest lactose (the sugar present in dairy foods) due to lack of lactase enzyme. and gluten intoleranceⁱAn immune-system disorder where a person experiences pain and other gastric symptoms upon consuming gluten-containing foods. (celiac disease). These could cause adverse effects, such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea, making a baby or toddler refuse to eat as they find it difficult to digest the food in their diet.

Beyond the above conditions, a baby may refuse to eat for miscellaneous reasons, such as when feeling sleepy, when unwell, or when they are simply not hungry. Some babies with certain physical anomalies, such as cleft palateⁱA developmental defect marked by an unusual opening at the roof of the mouth. , could be more likely to refuse to eat. It is essential to evaluate the reason behind the baby’s poor appetite to prevent undernutrition.

Quick fact

Babies are curious about the world around them. As they are more keen on exploring their surroundings, they may have a short attention span for food (1).

Tips To Help Babies Eat

Parents could consider the following points to manage a baby’s poor appetite and rekindle their interest in eating.

1. Consult a pediatrician. A doctor can determine the reasons behind a baby’s refusal to eat. For instance, if a baby refuses to eat due to constipation, the doctor may suggest dietary changes to relieve constipation. Some babies who refuse to eat due to ill-health could be prescribed medication to improve health.
   

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2. Feed smaller amounts at a time. A baby or toddler may lose interest in eating if they are always offered large quantities of food at a time. They have tiny tummies that fill up easily. Therefore, feed smaller but frequent meals.

3. Don’t force-feed a baby or toddler. Force-feeding makes the mealtime stressful, creating a negative perception about eating in the baby’s mind. Similarly, never force a toddler to finish everything on their plate. Instead, teach them to eat as much as possible, depending on their hunger and satiety cues.

Quick tip

Set a 20-minute time limit for meals. If the toddler doesn’t eat, do not extend mealtime or offer an alternative meal or snack until the next snack or mealtime (1).

4. Offer healthy snacks at regular intervals. It ensures your baby gets small portions of food to munch on, instead of eating large quantities at a time, causing them to refuse meals later.

5. Monitor your baby’s appetite over a week or so. Sometimes, babies eat less only on some days. Eating less, being picky, or refusing to eat one or two days a week shouldn’t be a concern.

6. Try making meals attractive and appealing. Older babies and toddlers often need to be lured to eat food based on its presentation. You may make mealtime interesting by serving foods in appealing ways. You may also provide various finger foods, which the baby can eat and enjoy with their own hands.

7. Let your child develop a taste for new foods. If your baby dislikes a specific food and becomes fussy, don’t stop feeding it completely. Instead, serve it in different styles at regular intervals until your baby or toddler develops a taste for it. Research highlights that it may take ten or more exposures to a new food for an infant to accept it (2). It is good to offer new foods with familiar foods to make the baby or toddler adapt to its taste easily.
   

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8. Avoid bribing your baby to eat food. It will make them eat even when they are stuffed, which is not good for health. Also, they may consider eating food as a means to attain treats.

9. Let your child play with the food but ensure that they eat some of it in between. Younger babies often play with their food, and it is their way of understanding different textures before beginning to self-feed.

Lauren Hall, a mother, describes how she encouraged her son to have a good appetite by letting him play with his food. She says, “When I was growing up, there was a distinct ‘don’t play with your food’ rule, and I know I’m not alone. I also told both of my kids not to play with their food, and my son is possibly worse than my daughter in this department. He likes to line up his food in neat little rows and then munch on the end chunks, one piece at a time…This used to drive me insane. Now, though, we encourage that kind of play. It makes the food more interesting to him, and you know what? He actually eats the whole little line of oddly arranged food (i).”

10. Make mealtimes happy and playful. Eat with your baby or toddler and interact with them while eating. Avoid other distractions, such as television and cell phones. Do not rush feeding the baby and let them take their time.

Quick fact

Involve the baby in age-appropriate cooking and food preparation processes. Smelling, touching, and handling food will help them develop a healthy relationship with food (1).

When To See A Doctor?

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Most babies develop a healthy feeding pattern and interest in food eventually. However, if that is not the case, you may consult a pediatrician. You may also see a doctor if your baby:

• Persistently refuses food for more than a few days

• Has poor weight and height gain

• Loses weight

• Gags each time they are fed something

• Appears dehydrated and lethargic

• Cries and complains or seems to have abdominal discomfort

• Displays possible signs of infections, such as fever, vomiting, or diarrhea

• Displays signs of allergy, such as hives or facial swelling, after eating certain foods

Infographic: Making Food Appealing For Babies

Babies may get bored if their food lacks variety in taste and appearance. This may make mealtime less enjoyable and more of a task for the little ones who have started exploring solids. Check out the infographic below for some useful tips for making food more appealing for babies.

Illustration: Momjunction Design Team

Illustration: Reasons Why Baby Refuses To Eat And How To Help Them

Image: Dall·E/MomJunction Design Team

Explore tthe potential causes of why your toddler might be refusing to eat or drink, explained by a professional along with tips to help this issue.

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Reviewer Author Editor Fact Checker

Dr. Aarti R. MotianiMD, DNB

Dr. Aarti Motiani is a child specialist with a decade of experience in patient care.  She has special interest in nutrition, immunization, and development of kids. Dr. Motiani treats kids with minimal medicine and believes in parents counselling for every behavior of the child.

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Swati PatwalM.Sc. (Food & Nutrition), MBA

Swati Patwal is a clinical nutritionist, a Certified Diabetes Educator (CDE) and a toddler mom with more than a decade of experience in diverse fields of nutrition. She started her career as a CSR project coordinator for a healthy eating and active lifestyle project catering to school children.

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Rohit GarooBSc, MBA

Rohit Garoo is a writer-turned-editor with over 9 years of experience in content writing, editing, and content marketing. He did his bachelors in Science at St. Xavier's College, Hyderabad, and masters in Business Administration at Osmania University.

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Ghazia ShahMSc, MA, BEd

Ghazia is a scientist-turned-writer with three years of research experience in Cancer Biology. She did her masters degree in Biotechnology at the University of Kashmir and bachelors in Education at the same university. Ghazia then delved deeper into the science of language with a masters in English.

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