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If you wish to know about Irish last names with meanings, you need to travel back to historical times. The original names in Ireland are long and interesting. For example, have you heard about Muckanaghederdauhaulia? Well, it is the name of an Irish town. Isn’t it fascinating? Family names in Ireland are equally fascinating. However, most traditional names now have an anglicized version that is shortened and more commonly used.
Read the post to know about some unique Irish surnames, their meanings, and the history behind them.
Key Pointers
- Irish last names hold cultural and historical importance, showcasing ties to ancestry and regions.
- Some surnames such as Fitzpatrick and Brannon signify ‘a son of,’ with Fitzpatrick meaning ‘son of Patrick’ and Brannon meaning ‘son of Bran.’
- Other names like Angus and Guinness connote strength and power, while Fannon and Finn indicate fairness, reflecting Irish traits.
- Lastly, Kennedy, Kelly, or Sullivan are clan-based surnames, indicating lineage from distinct Gaelic clans.
A Background To Irish Surnames
Irish people did not have a surname until the 10th century when certain classes and occupations started adopting patronyms as surnames. Surnames beginning with either mac (now Mc), meaning ‘son of,’ or Uá/Ó, meaning ‘grandson of,’ slowly became the norm. For instance, O’Cleirigh (now O’Clery), possibly the oldest Irish surname, meant ‘grandson of a clerk,’ and mac Colum meant ‘son of Colum.’
The nobility started adopting surnames in the 1100s, and it spread to the common folk by the 1500s. Anglo-French influences seeped into the Irish language with the Norman conquest, bringing surnames like Power and Burke. Many people also adopted Anglicized versions of their traditional Irish surnames in the 1500s.
Irish surnames can be broadly classified into occupational, descriptive, and patronymic. Occupational surnames such as Scully (‘scholar’), Tighe (‘poet’), and Clarke (‘cleric’) describe one’s ancestor’s job title. Patronyms, such as Callaghan (‘descendant of Ceallachan’) and Murray (‘descendant of Muireadhach’), derive from one’s ancestor’s names, and descriptive surnames refer to one’s ancestor’s physical appearance, such as Finn (‘white’), Duffy (‘dark’), and Flann (‘scarlet’). Besides these, Irish surnames take inspiration from nature and natural elements, the Irish landscape, and Biblical figures.
Common Irish Surnames Or Family Names
1. Ahearn
Ahearn is the anglicized form of ‘Ó hEachthighearna’ meaning ‘descendant of Eichthighearn.’ The name Eichthighearn is derived from a Gaelic word and refers to ‘Horse Lord.’
2. Angus
This Irish surname is derived from the word ‘Aonghus’ and means ‘one strength.’ Angus has deep historical roots in Scotland and Ireland, as it was borne by several important figures including the 8th-century Pictish King Angus MacFergus.
3. Barry
Barry is an Anglicized form of ‘Ó Beargha’ or ‘Ó Báire’ referring to ‘descendant of Beargh’ or ‘descendant of Baire’ respectively. Beargha refers to ‘spear-like’ and Baire means ‘fair-haired’ in Irish.
4. Beirne
It is the anglicized form of ‘O’Byrne’ meaning ‘descendant of Bran.’ In the Irish language, Bran refers to ‘a raven.’
5. Bell
Bell is one of the most common Irish last names (1), derived from the Old English word ‘Belle.’ It is also believed to be the diminutive of the feminine name Isabel (2).
6. Berne
This surname is a variant of ‘Beirne’ or ‘O’Byrne’ referring to a ‘descendant of Bran.’ It means ‘a raven’ in Irish. In Irish mythology, the raven is considered a symbol of wisdom and grief (3).
7. Boyle
Boyle is an anglicized form of ‘O’Boyle’ derived from the Gaelic term ‘O’Baoighill’ referring to the ‘descendant of Baoigheall.’ The word Baoigheall comes from the Irish word ‘geall’ that means ‘pledge’ or ‘promise.’
Trivia8. Braden
It is an anglicized form of Irish ‘Ó Bradain’ meaning ‘descendant of Bradan.’ This word refers to a ‘salmon’ in Irish. In Irish mythology, the salmon is a symbol of wisdom (4).
9. Brady
Brady is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Brádaigh’ referring to the ‘descendant of Bradach.’ This name is derived from a Gaelic term which means ‘large-chested.’ American former footballer Tom Brady is a famous bearer of this surname.
10. Brannon
Brannon is a patronymic Irish surname referring to ‘Son of Bran.’ The word Bran means ‘raven’ in Irish.
11. Brennan
Brennan is derived from the Gaelic name ‘Ó Braonáin,’ meaning ‘descendant of Braonan.’ Braonan comes from the Irish braon referring to ‘raindrop’ or ‘moisture.’
12. Brogan
Brogan is an occupational Irish surname referring to a ‘shoe-maker.’ Saint Brogan was an Irish monk and poet who wrote a hymn in praise of Saint Brigid, one of Ireland’s patron saints (5).
13. Brown
The surname denotes the brown complexion of the skin or brown hair color. A famous bearer is American author Dan Brown, known for The Da Vinci Code and other bestsellers.
Did you know?14. Buckley
Buckley is derived from ‘Ó Buachalla’ that refers to ‘descendant of Buachaill.’ This is a nickname, which evolved as an Irish surname and means ‘cowherd’ or ‘servant.’
15. Burke
It is derived from an Old English word ‘Burgh.’ The Irish family name refers to a ‘fortress’ or ‘castle.’ The Burgh family was an Anglo-Irish family, known for wealthy landowners.
16. Burns
Burns is a spelling variant of ‘O’Byrne’ or ‘Ó Broin.’ This Irish surname refers to a ‘descendant of Bran’ where Bran refers to a ‘raven.’ In Irish mythology, the raven was often associated with prophecy and war.
17. Butler
It is derived from the word ‘butiller.’ Butler is an occupational Irish surname referring to ‘wine-steward.’ Hollywood actor Gerard Butler is a noteworthy namesake.
18. Callaghan
It is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Ceallacháin’ referring to the ‘descendant of Ceallachan.’ The name ‘Ceallachan’ is derived from an old Irish term ‘Ceallach,’ which means ‘bright-headed.’
19. Campbell
This surname likely originated in Scotland and later migrated to Ireland. It is derived from Scottish Gaelic words referring to ‘crooked mouth’ or ‘wry-mouthed.’ British famous model Naomi Campbell is a popular namesake.
20. Caomhánach
Caomhánach is an Irish surname that refers to the ‘students or disciples of Saint Caomhan.’ The surname is linked with Domhnall Caomhánach, the King of Leinster from the Mac Murrough dynasty.
21. Carey
Carey is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Ciardha’ meaning the ‘descendant of Ciardha.’ Here, ‘Ciardha’ comes from the Old Irish word ‘ciar,’ which means ‘black’ or ‘dark.’ American musician Mariah Carey is one of the most famous bearers of this surname.
22. Carmody
Carmody is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Cearmada’ that refers to the ‘descendant of Cearmaid.’ The word ‘Cearmaid’ comes from Old Irish and is probably a combination of ‘ciar’ (black) and ‘madra’ (dog), thus meaning a ‘black dog.’
23. Carran
A spelling variant of Curran, this Irish surname is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Corraidhin’ referring to ‘descendant of Corraidhin.’ The word Corraidhin is derived from ‘Corradh’ which means ‘little spear.’
24. Carroll
This Irish surname is an anglicized form of ‘Cearbhal’ that means ‘hacking with a weapon.’ The surname has several variants such as Carol, Carrol, Carrel, Carrell, Carrill, and Caryll.
Trivia25. Cary
Cary is a spelling variant of ‘Carey’ and refers to the ‘descendant of Ciardha.’ ‘Ciardha’ means ‘black’ or ‘dark.’ The surname was probably given to someone who had dark hair or complexion.
26. Casey
Casey is the anglicized form of ‘ÓCathasaigh’ referring to the ‘descendant of Cathasach.’, Cathasach is an Old Irish word for ‘vigilant.’
27. Cassidy
It is derived from the anglicized form of ‘Ó Caiside,’ referring to ‘descendant of Caiside.’ This Irish surname means ‘curly-haired.’ American singer David Cassidy, known for his role in The Partridge Family, is a noteworthy bearer of this surname.
28. Cavan
Cavan is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Caoimhain,’ meaning the ‘descendant of Caomhan.’ ‘Caomhan’ was the name of an Irish saint who lived in the 6th century.
29. Cavey
Cavey is an anglicized form of ‘Mac Daibheid’ referring to the ‘son of Daibhi’ or ‘son of David.’ David means ‘beloved’ in Hebrew.
30. Clarke
This surname is an anglicized form of‘ÓCléirigh’, which means a ‘clergy’ or ‘priest.’ British science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke is a famous name bearer known for writing the novel ‘2001: A Space Odyssey.’
31. Clery
Clery is a spelling variant of ‘Cleary,’ which is a spelling variant of ‘Clarke.’ It means a ‘clergy’ or ‘priest.’ The surname indicates historical links with religious services.
32. Coghlan
It is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Cochláin.’ Cochlán is derived from the Irish term ‘cochall’ referring to a ‘cape’ or ‘hood.’ This surname may have been given to someone who wore a distinctive cloak.
33. Coleman
Coleman is a spelling variant of ‘Colman’ or ‘Colm,’ which are derived from the names of several Irish Saints. It could be derived from the Old Irish term columb or colum meaning ‘dove.’
34. Collins
It is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Coileáin’ referring to the ‘descendant of Coilean.’ This name is derived from a Gaelic word ‘Cailean’ which means ‘whelp’ or a ‘young dog.’
Did you know?35. Connolly
It is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Conghalaigh’ that refers to ‘descendant of Conghalach.’ Conghalach was a nickname for ‘someone as valiant as a wolf’ and later evolved as a last name in Ireland.
36. Connor
It is derived from‘Ó Conchobhair’ referring to the ‘descendant of Conchobhar.’ The word ‘Conchobhar’ comes from Old Irish and means a ‘wolf’ or a ‘hound dog.’ Connected to a ferocious animal, the surname stands for strength and leadership.
37. Cooney
This Irish name is derived ‘Ó Cuana,’ which refers to the ‘descendant of Cuana.’ Cuana is an Old Irish word that could refer to ‘handsome’ or ‘elegant.’
38. Corcoran
It is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Corcráin’ meaning the ‘descendant of Corcran.’ Corcran is derived from the Gaelic word ‘corcair’ or ‘corcra,’ which means ‘purple.’ The surname may have been a nickname for someone who wore purple garments.
39. Coughlan
This Irish surname is derived from the anglicized version of ‘Ó Cochláin’ which means the ‘descendant of Cochlan.’ It is derived from the Gaelic word ‘cochall’ which means ‘cape’ or ‘hood.’
40. Cullen
The anglicized form of ‘Ó Cuilinn’ refers to the ‘descendant of Cuileann.’ Cuileann translates to ‘holly’ which is a type of a plant. The surname may have originated as a surname referring to someone who lived near holly plants.
41. Cunningham
It is an anglicized form of the name ‘Ó Cuinneagáin’ that means the ‘descendant of Cuinneagán.’ The word ‘Cuinneagán’ likely originates from the Old Irish word ‘conn’ meaning a ‘chief’ or ‘leader.’
42. Curran
Curran is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Corraidhín’ that refers to a ‘descendant of Corraidhin.’ Corraidhín means a ‘little spear.’
43. Daly
It is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Dálaigh’ referring to ‘descendant of Dalach.’ The name ‘Dalach’ is derived from ‘Dal’ meaning ‘assembly.’ Surnames such as O’Daly, Daley, Dayley, Dalley, Daily, Dailey, and Dawley are all derived from Ó Dálaigh.
44. Daugherty
This last name is derived from the anglicized form of ‘Ó Dochartaigh’ meaning the ‘descendant of Dochartach.’ ‘Dochartach’ means ‘obstructive’ or ‘dangerous.’ The surname is believed to have originated as a nickname or title given to the clan’s ancestor for bravery in battle (6).
45. Davin
Davin is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Damháin’ referring to the ‘descendant of Damhan’ which means ‘fawn’ or ‘stag’ or an ‘ox’ in Gaelic. In Celtic religion, the stag symbolized the god Cernunnos, also known as “The Horned One.” He was often depicted with antlers and was the god of the forest and wildlife (7).
46. Deasun
Deasun is derived from ‘Deasmhumhain’ referring to ‘South Munster’ – a region in Ireland. This surname is most likely to have been a habitational name for those who lived in the region.
47. Desmond
It is another variant of ‘Deasun’ or ‘Deasmhumhain’ and is a topographical last name referring to someone from ‘south Munster.’ American jazz musician Paul Desmond is a known namesake known for composing “Take Five.”
48. Delaney
It is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Dubhshláine’ that means the ‘descendant of Dubhshlaine.’ It is a combination of two Old Irish words ‘dubh’ meaning ‘black’ and ‘slan’ meaning ‘defiance.’
49. Dempsey
Dempsey is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Díomasaigh’ referring to the ‘descendant of Diomasach.’ ‘Diomasach’ means ‘proud.’ The Dempsey clan was an important noble family in medieval Ireland.
50. Devlin
The anglicized form of ‘Ó Doibhilin’ means a ‘descendant of Doibhilin.’ It is derived from a Gaelic term which means ‘unlucky.’
51. Doherty
A spelling variant of ‘Daugherty,’ this Irish surname is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Dochartaigh’ meaning the ‘descendant of Dochartach.’ Dochartach refers to ‘obstructive’ or ‘dangerous.’ The Doherty clan originates from County Donegal, where they were a powerful ruling family in medieval Ireland.
52. Dolan
Dolan is derived from the anglicized form of ‘Ó Dubhshláin’ that means the ‘descendant of Dubhshlaine.’ This name combines two Old Irish words ‘dubh’ meaning ‘black and ‘slan’ meaning defiance. Historically, the Dolan family was found in Counties Galway and Offaly and was associated with the Ui Maine tribe.
53. Donaghue
It is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Donnchadha’ referring to the ‘descendant of Donnchadh.’ The name ‘Donnchadh’ is derived from a Gaelic term that means ‘brown battle.’
54. Donne
This last name likely originated in Scotland and is derived from the Gaelic word ‘Dunn’ or ‘Donn’ meaning ‘brown.’ English poet John Donne is a famous name bearer known for his metaphysical poetry.
55. Donnell
Donnel is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Domhnaill.’ It means a ‘descendant of Domhnall,’ and ‘Domhnall’ refers to ‘ruler of the world’ in Gaelic. American comedian and actress Rosie O’Donnell is a popular bearer of this surname.
56. Donnelly
This Irish surname is the anglicized form of Ó Donnghaile that refers to a ‘descendant of Donnghal.’ Donnghal meaning ‘brown valor.’
57. Donovan
Donovan is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Donndubháin’ meaning ‘descendant of Donndubhan.’ The word ‘Donndubhan’ means ‘dark brown’ or ‘noble.’ Australian actor and singer Jason Donovan is a noteworthy namesake.
58. Doran
This Irish surname is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Deoráin’ meaning a ‘descendant of Deoradhan.’ Deoradhan refers to ‘exile’ or ‘wanderer.’
59. Doyle
Doyle is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Dubhghaill’ referring to a ‘descendant of Dubhghall’.‘Dubhgall.’ It refers to ‘dark stranger.’ British writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is a famous namesake known for writing Sherlock Holmes.
60. Driscoll
This Irish last name is the anglicized form of ‘Ó hEidirsceóil’ that refers to the ‘descendant of the messenger.’
61. Duane
Duane is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Dubháin’ referring to the ‘descendant of Dubhan.’ ‘Dubhan’ is derived from ‘dubh’ that means ‘dark’ or ‘black.’
62. Duffy
It is derived from ‘Ó Dubhthaigh’ meaning the ’descendant of Dubhthach.’ This name comes from the Irish word ‘dubh,’ which refers to ‘dark’ or ‘black.’
63. Dunn
It is either derived from ‘dunn’ the Old English word for ‘dark’ or from ‘donn’ the Gaelic word for ‘brown.’ In Scottish, the surname Dunn originates from the place name Dun in Angus, which comes from the Gaelic word dùn, meaning ‘fort.’
64. Durnin
It comes from ‘Ó Doirnáin’ meaning ‘descendant of Doirnin.’ This name means ‘little fist.’ The surname may have been associated with a family of warriors.
65. Ennis
Ennis is derived from the Gaelic word ‘Inis’ which refers to an ‘island.’ In Irish, it is a shortened Anglicized form of the Gaelic name Mag Aonghuis, meaning ‘son of Angus.’
66. Fannon
The name Fannon refers to ‘Ó Fionnáin’ which means a ‘descendant of Fionn.’ ‘Fionn’ refers to ‘fair’ or ‘white’ in Old Irish.
67. Farrell
It is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Fearghail’ referring to the ‘descendant of Fearghal.’ ‘Fearghal’ means ‘man of valor.’
Trivia68. Ferguson
This patronymic Irish surname refers to the ‘son of Fearghas.’ Fearghas translates to ‘man of vigor.’ Legendary Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson is a famous namesake.
69. Finn
It is derived from the Old Irish word ‘Finn’ meaning ‘fair’ or ‘white.’ Finn is also considered a German surname that comes from an ethnic name for people from Finland.
70. Finnegan
Finnegan is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Fionnagáin’ referring to the ‘descendant of Fionnagán.’ ‘Fionnagan’ is a variant of ‘Fionn,’ which comes from ‘Finn’ the Old Irish word for ‘fair’ or ‘white.’
71. Fitzgerald
It is a patronymic Irish surname meaning ‘son of Gerald.’ The name ‘Gerald’ means ‘rule of the spear.’ The Fitzgerald family were nobles in Ireland, and their ancestors came from England and Wales.
72. Fitzpatrick
Fitzpatrick is a patronymic Irish last name referring to the ‘son of Patrick’. ‘Patrick’ is derived from the Latin name ‘Patricius’ which means ‘nobleman.’ The Fitzpatricks were one of the few Gaelic clans granted the use of the Norman ‘Fitz’ prefix.
73. Fitzsimmons
It refers to the ‘son of Simon.’ ‘Simon’ means ‘he has heard’ in Hebrew.’ Bob Fitzsimmons, a British-born boxer of Irish heritage, made history as the first fighter to win world titles in three different weight classes. He is also recognized in The Guinness Book of World Records as the lightest heavyweight champion.
74. Flanagan
It is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Flannagáin’ that refers to the ‘descendant of Flannagán.’ The name ‘Flannagan’ means ‘reddish’ or ‘scarlet.’ Famous Australian writer of Irish descent, Richard Flanagan bears this surname. He is known for being the first author to win both the Man Booker Prize (for fiction) and the Baillie Gifford Prize (for non-fiction).
75. Flynn
This name is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Floinn’ referring to a ‘descendant of Flann.’ The name ‘Flann’ refers to ‘reddish’ or ‘scarlet’ in Gaelic. The Australian-born, American actor Errol Leslie Thomson Flynn is a noteworthy namesake known for gaining international recognition as a star in Hollywood’s Golden Age.
76. Foley
Foley is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Foghladha’ that means the ‘descendant of Foghlaidh.’ ‘Foghlaidh’ refers to a ‘pirate’ or ‘plunderer.’ The surname is known to have originated in the Munster region of Ireland.
77. Friel
Friel is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Frighil’ meaning ‘descendant of Fearghal.’ ‘Feraghal’ refers to a ‘man of valor.’ Brian Friel was a well-known Irish playwright who wrote plays inspired by the social and political issues present in Ireland. Due to his style, he was frequently referred to as the ‘Irish Chekhov.’
78. Fylan
It is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Faoláin’ referring to the ‘descendant of Faolan.’ The name ‘Faolan’ is derived from the Gaelic word ‘Fael’ and means ‘little wolf.’
79. Gallagher
Gallagher is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Gallchobhair’ meaning a ‘descendant of Gallchobhar.’ ‘Gallchobhar’ is a combination of two Irish words ‘gall’ meaning ‘stranger’ and ‘cabhair’ meaning ‘help.’
80. Gorman
It is an anglicized version of ‘Ó Gormáin’ referring to a ‘descendant of Gorman.’ ‘Gorman’ means ‘little blue one.’ Gorman is also linked to the Gaelic MacGormáin, meaning ‘son of Gormáin.’ Gormáin means ‘blue’ and may have been associated with families that wore blue, similar to how Scots used tartans for clan identity.
81. Griffin
It is an anglicized version of the Irish name ‘Ó Gríobhtha’ meaning the ‘descendant of Gríobhtha.’ The name ‘Griobhtha’ comes from ‘Griobh,’ which is the Irish name for Griffin – a mythical creature with the body of a lion but the head and wings of an eagle (8).
82. Guinness
It is derived from the surname ‘McGuinness.’ McGuinness is the anglicized form of ‘Mag Aonghuis’ meaning ‘son of Aonghus.’ Aonghus means ‘one strength.’ The Guinness family is famous for founding the Guinness Brewery in Dublin.
83. Hayes
Hayes is the anglicized form of ‘Ó hAodha’ referring to the ‘descendant of Aodh.’ The name Aodh comes from the Old Irish word ‘Aed,’ which means ‘fire.’ Loving referred to as the ‘First Lady of American Theatre,’ American actress Helen Hayes was a noteworthy namebearer.
84. Healy
It is the anglicized form of ‘O’Healy’ referring to a ‘descendant of the claimant.’ Hely, Healey, O’Healey, Haly, O’Haly, Haley, and Haily are some of the known variants of this surname.
85. Higgins
Higgins is the anglicized form of ‘Ó hUiginn’ that means ‘descendant of Uiginn.’ Uiginn means a ‘viking.’ Irish snooker champion Alex Higgins is a popular namesake who was also known by the nickname ‘Hurricane Higgins’ for his rapid play.
86. Hogan
This Irish surname is an anglicized form of ‘Ó hÓgáin’ meaning a ‘descendant of Ogan.’ The name ‘Ogan’ is derived from the Irish word ‘Og’ which means ‘young.’ It would not be wrong to credit WWE wrestler Hulk Hogan for making this surname famous in the US and globally.
87. Hughes
It is one of the most popular last names that start with h. It is an anglicized form of ‘Mac Aodha’ referring to ‘son of Aodh.’ The name ‘Aodh’ is derived from ‘Aed,’ an Old Irish word for ‘fire.’
88. Ivers
Ivers is a patronymic surname derived from the Old Norse name ‘Ivarr’ referring to a ‘warrior.’ In Ireland, the surname Ivers is considered of immigrant origin, brought to the Ulster province by settlers from England and Scotland. It is also a variant of the name MacKeever.
89. Kane
Kane is the anglicized form of ‘O’Kane’ or ‘O Cathain’ referring to a ‘battle.’ Harry Kane, the English footballer, is a well-known bearer of the name and is widely regarded as one of the best strikers of the 21st century.
90. Kavanagh
It is derived from the Gaelic name ‘Caomhánach’ referring to ‘students or disciples of Saint Caomhan,’ who was a 6th-century Irish saint. The Kavanagh clan was known for holding power in Leinster.
91. Kearney
Kearney is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Ceithearnaigh’ that refers to a ‘descendant of Ceithearnach.’ ‘Ceithearnach’ is the Middle Irish word for ‘warrior’ or ‘leader of a warrior group.’
92. Kelly
Kelly is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Ceallaig’ that means the ‘descendant of Ceallach.’ The word ‘Ceallach’ refers to ‘bright-headed.’ It is one of the most common surnames in Ireland.
93. Kennedy
It is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Cinnéidigh’ which means ‘descendant of Cennetig.’ ‘Cennetig’ is an Old Irish word referring to an ‘armored head’ or ‘misshapen head.’ Famous namebearers include John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States.
94. Kilduff
Kilduff is the anglicized form of ‘Mac GiollaDhuibh’ referring to the ‘son of the black-haired man.’ The surname may have been given to someone with dark hair, possibly as a unique feature in the olden times.
95. Lennon
It is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Leannáin’ meaning a ‘descendant of Leannan.’ Leannan means ‘lover.’ Renowned musician John Lennon of The Beatles could be credited for making this surname internationally recognizable.
96. Lynch
This Irish surname is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Loingsigh,’ which means ‘descendant of Loingseach.’ It is an occupational surname referring to a ‘mariner.’
97. Mac Alastair
It is derived from the Gaelic word ‘McAlister’ referring to a ‘son of Alistair.’ The name Alistair is derived from ‘Alexander,’ which means ‘defending men.’ The Mac Alastairs were a notable Scottish family who settled in Ireland over the centuries.
98. Mac Amhalghaidh
It is an anglicized form of the Gaelic name ‘Mac Amhalghaidh’ referring to ‘son of Amhalghadh.’ ‘Amhalghadh’ is an Old Gaelic word of unknown origin.
99. Mac an Aba
It is the Gaelic form of the name ‘McNab,’ which means ‘son of the abbot.’ Abbot is a person who is the head of a monastery.
100. Mac an Bhaird
This name means ‘son of the bard.’ Bards were highly regarded figures in Irish culture as they were responsible for preserving history and tradition through their poetry and songs.
101. Mac an Ghoill
This Irish last name means ‘son of the foreigner’ or ‘son of the stranger.’ The word ‘Ghoill’ is derived from ‘Gill,’ which means a ‘foreigner’ or ‘stranger.’ This surname may have originated as a nickname or a term to denote those who had migrated to Ireland.
102. Mac an tSagairt
This Irish surname means ‘son of the priest.’ The surname is an indicator of the importance of the priesthood in Irish society.
103. MacAodha
This is a patronymic Irish surname referring to the ‘son of Aodha.’ ‘Aodha’ is derived from ‘Aed’ – the Old Irish word for ‘fire.’ Linked to fire, the surname symbolizes strength and passion.
104. MacAodhagain
It refers to ‘descendant of Aodhagan.’ The word ‘Aodhagan’ is a diminutive version of ‘Aodha’ or ‘Aed.’ The surname is believed to be adopted by Flann MacAodhagain in honor of his father, Aedhagain, who was a chieftain of the Ui Maine tribe.
105. MacBranain
It means ‘son of Bran’ where ‘Bran’ is the Irish word for ‘raven.’ Ravens were symbolic in Irish mythology, often associated with warriors and battlefields.
106. MacBride
It is an anglicized form of ‘Mac GiollaBhrighde’ referring to the ‘son of the servant of Brighid.’ The name ‘Brighid’ is derived from Bridget, meaning the ‘exalted one.’
107. MacCaba
This Irish surname refers to ‘son of Caba’ where ‘Caba’ means ‘cape.’ This surname may have originally been a topographic title assigned to someone who lived near a cape or prominent coastal feature.
108. MacCailin
It means ‘son of Cailean’ and ‘Cailean’ refers to a ‘whelp’ or ‘young dog.’ Connected to a loving and affectionate dog, the surname is a symbol of loyalty and protection.
109. MacCarrick
This Irish surname refers to the ‘son of Cucharraige.’ The word Cucharraige is the combination of ‘cu’ meaning a ‘hound’ and ‘carraig’ meaning a ‘rock.’ Considering its strong meaning, the surname is linked to strength and resilience.
110. MacCarthy
MacCarthy refers to a ‘son of Carthach’ and Carthach means ‘loving.’ In Ireland, sixty percent of individuals with this surname trace their origins to County Cork, where the family held significant power during the Middle Ages. McCarthy and McCarty are two of its most common variants. However, these variants seem confusing for some people and they wonder about the reason behind the difference in the spelling of the surname. Bloggers Mike and Carina Collins often receive this question from their readers. They say, ”Why do YOU write MacCarthy as McCarthy?” (Read that one again – there is a difference). Questions like this I’m asked on a regular basis. As we said earlier, Ireland was probably the first country in Europe to introduce a surname system in the 10th century. The Gaelic surnames of the time were formed around an illustrious ancestor…A smaller class of Irish surname named the family after an occupation or profession. For example; McInerney ( Mac an Airchinnigh in Irish) which means “son of the eranagh” (a type of lay abbot). Another example is; Hickey (in Irish O hIcidhe) which comes from the Irish for Physician or Healer. The difference between a Mc and a Mac (and some people wonder is the “Mc” Irish and the “Mac” Scottish? The answer is: there is no difference! Mc is simply an abbreviation of Mac (i).
111. MacCleirich
It is a patronymic Irish surname referring to ‘son of a clerk.’ It may have been an occupational surname indicating ancestral ties to those in religious or academic roles.
112. MacClellan
This Irish surname is a variant of ‘McClelland,’ which is the anglicized form of ‘Mac GiollaFhaolain’ referring to the ‘son of the servant of Faolan.’ Faolan is derived from the Gaelic word ‘fael’ that means ‘little wolf.’
113. MacDhuibhinse
It refers to ‘son of Dhuibhinse’ where ‘Dhuibhinse’ means ‘black island.’ The meaning of the surname indicates its deep connection with nature.
114. Murdock
It is derived from ‘Murchadh,’ which means ‘sea warrior.’ Considering the meaning attached to the surname, it shows links to families involved in maritime activities or the warrior class.
115. Murphy
It is an anglicized version of ‘Ó Murchadha’ referring to ‘descendant of Murchadh.’ Murchadh means ‘sea warrior.’ It is one of the most common surnames in Ireland.
116. Murray
An anglicized form of ‘Ó Muireadhaigh’ means ‘descendant of Muireadhach.’ Muireadhach is a variant of ‘Muiredach’ referring to ‘lord’ in Irish. Murray is also a Scottish clan whose lineage traces back to the Morays of Bothwell, who founded the family in Scotland during the 12th century.
117. Neil
It is derived from the Gaelic word ‘Niall’ that is considered to have multiple meanings, namely ‘champion,’ ‘cloud’ or ‘passionate.’
118. Nolan
It is an anglicized version of ‘Ó Nuallain’ referring to ‘descendant of Nuallan.’ Nuallan means ‘noble’ or ‘famous.’ British-American filmmaker Sir Christopher Edward Nolan is a notable namebearer known for his unique, complex storytelling.
119. O’Brien
It originates from ‘Ó Briain,’ which means ‘descendant of Brian.’ Brian means ‘high’ or ‘noble.’ Founded in the 10th century by Brian Boru, this Munster clan held noble status.
120. O’Callaghan
It is derived from ‘Ó Ceallachain’ which means ‘descendant of Ceallachan.’ The word ‘Ceallachan’ refers to ‘bright-headed.’ Callaghan, Keelaghan, Kealahan, and Kelaghan and some of the common variants of this surname.
121. Ó Caoimhain
It means ‘descendant of Caoimhain.’ Caoimhain is derived from ‘Caomhan’ who was an Irish saint from the 6th century.
122. O’Connell
It means ‘descendant of Conall.’ Conall is a Gaelic word for ‘strong wolf.’ This surname is famously associated with Daniel O’Connell, also known as ‘The Liberator,’ who fought for Catholic emancipation.
123. O’Connor
It is a variant of ‘Ó Conchobhair.’ The Irish noble family, the O’Conors were once amongst the most important royal families in Ireland. They ruled the Kingdom of Connacht until 1475.
124. O’Deorain
This Irish surname refers to ‘descendant of Deoradhan.’ Deoradhan means ‘exile’ or ‘wanderer.’ Perhaps this surname was given to a family with a history of migration or exile.
125. O’Donnell
It is the anglicized variant of ‘Ó Domhnaill’ which means ‘descendant of Domhnall.’ Domhnall is the Gaelic version of the phrase ‘ruler of the world.’ The surname is popular because of the powerful O’Donnell clan of Ulster. The O’Donnells were famous for their resistance to English rule.
126. Ó Dubhthaigh
The name refers to a ‘descendant of Dubhthach.’ Dubhthach is the Old Irish term for the ‘black one’ or ‘someone who is black or dark-skinned.’
127. O Faolain
It refers to a ‘descendant of Faolan.’ Faolan is derived from the Gaelic word ‘fael,’ which means ‘little wolf.’
128. O hicidhe
This Irish surname means ‘descendant of the healer.’ Based on the significance of the surname it can be assumed that it may have been an occupational surname referring to a family involved in medicine and healing.
129. O Leary
It is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Laoghaire’ referring to a ‘descendant of Laoghaire’ or ‘descendant of Loegaire.’ ‘Laoghaire’ or ‘Loegaire’ means a ‘calf-herder.’ It is believed that the Uí Laoghaire clan may have originated in the early Middle Ages along the southwest coast, in the Ros Ó gCairbre (Rosscarbery) region, where the O’Leary family served as hereditary lords.
130. O Madaidhin
It means ‘descendant of Madaihin.’ The word ‘Madaihin’ originates from ‘madadh’ meaning a ‘dog’ or ‘mastiff’ – a breed of dogs. The surname’s connection with dogs make it a symbol of strength, loyalty, and courage.
131. O’Neill
It is one of the common last names that start with o. This surname refers to ‘descendant of Neil.’ The name Neil comes from ‘Niall,’ a Gaelic word with several meanings, namely ‘cloud,’ ‘champion,’ or ‘passionate.’ The O’Neill clan traces its lineage to Niall of the Nine Hostages, a legendary High King of Ireland.
132. O’Reilly
It is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Raghailligh’ which means ‘descendant of Raghailligh.’ ‘Raghailligh’ is an Old Irish word of unknown meaning. O’Reilly is a widely recognized surname in Ireland, with a strong concentration in County Cavan and notable distribution across Fermanagh, Meath, Monaghan, Longford, Westmeath, and the wider Leinster Province.
133. Orman
Orman is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Ruaidh’ referring to ‘descendant of Ruadh.’ Ruadh is derived from the Gaelic word that means ‘red.’
134. O’Shea
It is the anglicized version of ‘Ó Séaghdha’ meaning a ‘descendant of Seaghdha.’ The name means ‘esteemed’ or the ‘majestic one’ in Gaelic. The O’Shea family originated in the Kingdom of Corcu Duibne in County Kerry.
135. O’Sioda
This name refers to ‘descendant of Sioda’ where ‘Sioda’ means ‘silk.’ It is likely that the surname was given to a family involved in the trade of silk goods.
136. Power
This is a locational surname derived from the Old French word ‘Poier’ that likely referred to people who originated from the town called Poix in the Picardy region of France.
137. Quinn
It is an anglicized version of ‘Ó Cuinn’ that means ‘descendant of Conn.’ Conn refers to a ‘chief’ in Gaelic. Traditionally, Catholic O’Quinn families spelled their name Quinn, while Protestants used Quin. The first recorded Quinn, Niall O Cuinn, fought and died in the Battle of Clontarf (1014) alongside Brian Boru, High King of Ireland.
138. Regan
Regan is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Ríagáin’ meaning ‘descendant of Riagan.’ The name ‘Riagan’ is derived from ‘Ríodhgach,’ which means ‘impulsive.’ Notable people include US Politician Donald Regan.
139. Rinne
It is an anglicized form of ‘O Rinn’ referring to ‘descendant of Rinn’ where ‘Rinn’ means a ‘star’ in Irish. As a surname, Rinne symbolizes guidance or brilliance.
140. Ryan
This Irish surname is an anglicized version of ‘Ó Riain’ meaning ‘descendant of Rian.’ Rian refers to ‘little king.’ Famous Ryans include Hollywood actress Meg Ryan (actress) and US politician Paul Ryan.
141. Scully
Scully is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Scolaidhe’ referring to a ‘descendant of a scholar.’ Having Gaelic roots, the surname also means ‘student.’
142. Sheehy
It is an anglicized version of ‘Sítheach’ that means ‘peaceful’ or ‘mysterious’ in Gaelic.
143. Sloan
Sloan is the anglicized form of ‘Sluaghadhan,’ which is an Old Irish word for ‘raid.’ Noteworthy namesakes include American artist John Sloan, who is considered one of the founders of the Ashcan School of American Art.
144. Sullivan
It is one of the trendy last names that start with s. It is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Súileabháin,’ meaning ‘descendant of Suileabhan.’ The name ‘Suileabhan’ refers to the phrase ‘little dark eye.’ Notable figures include John L. Sullivan, the famous American boxer.
145. Tighe
It is an anglicized form of ‘O Taidhg,’ and the name means ‘poet.’ American actor Kevin Tighe is a known namesake.
146. Toole
This Irish surname is the anglicized form of ‘Ó Tuathail’ meaning a ‘descendant of Tuathal.’ Tuathal refers to ‘ruler of the people.’
147. Vincent
It is an anglicized form of ‘Mac Dhuibhinse’ referring to ‘son of Dhuibhinse.’ The word ‘Dhuibhinse’ refers to a ‘black island.’ It is not a common surname in Ireland.
148. Walsh
This name is derived from the Old English word ‘Waelisc,’ which refers to ‘foreigner’ or ‘stranger.’ The surname is common in Ireland and also in the US.
149. Ward
Ward is the anglicized form of ‘Mac an Bhaird’ that means ‘son of the bard.’ It oldest official record dates to 1176. It is a common surname in Ireland and also the US and the UK.
150. Whelan
It is an anglicized form of ‘Ó Faoláin’ referring to ‘descendant of Faolan.’ The name Faolan is derived from ‘fael’ which refers to ‘little wolf.’ The Whelan family was associated with County Kilkenny and originated in medieval Irish society.
Discover More Names
When you have to choose a name for your baby, a few hundreds of names may not be just enough. Keep digging our mine of baby names until you find that one precious gem.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. How do Irish surnames work?
Irish surnames are mostly patronymic. They may include the prefix “Mc” or “Mac,” which means “son of,” followed by the father’s name. Irish surnames are usually of Gaelic origin and may be inspired by the traits of an individual.
2. When did Irish surnames begin?
Ireland was one of the first European countries to have adopted surnames to differentiate a family’s lineage. Surnames in Ireland began as early as the 900s. While the other European surnames were mostly habitational, Irish surnames prioritized the patronymic system (9).
3. Why do Irish surnames have O?
In Irish, surnames with the prefix “O” often indicate a lineage or family association. The “O” is derived from the Gaelic word “ua,” meaning “descendant” or “grandson.” These O’ surnames began during the 11th century.
4. Are there any unique characteristics of Irish last names compared to other cultures?
Irish surnames include prefixes like “O,” “Mc,” or “Mac” (meaning “grandson” or “son of”), indicating lineage or family connections. Irish surnames often vary due to regional dialects and different spelling conventions. Some Irish last names are associated with specific clans or septs, extended family groups. These associations can provide insights into ancestral ties and connections.
5. How do Irish last names differ between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland?
Irish last names can differ between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland due to historical, cultural, and demographic factors. In Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, there may be a significant influence of Scottish and English surnames. In contrast, the Republic of Ireland predominantly features native Irish surnames, reflecting a stronger connection to Gaelic heritage.
6. What is the tradition of using clan names in Irish last names, and is it still practiced today?
The tradition of using clan names in Irish last names dates back to ancient times and is known as the patronymic naming system. This tradition served as a way to identify familial connections and lineages within Irish society. In the second half of the 20th century, modern Irish clan societies were established. Today, these groups exist not only in Ireland but also in numerous other locations worldwide.
Most Irish surnames are derived from their ancestors’ names; however, a few are patronymic or topographic. Many of the surnames in use today are anglicized versions of traditional names that have been shortened. Some of the famous Irish surnames have evolved and spread throughout Europe and the rest of the world. Knowing these surnames can also give you a deeper insight into Irish people and their ancestors.
Infographic: Common Irish Surnames Or Family Names
Just like Irish coffee is famous worldwide, Irish surnames are also popular. If you are interested in Irish culture or even otherwise, we suggest you read the following infographic to learn about popular Irish family names. You can also share them with your friends and family members if they wish to know the same. Illustration: Momjunction Design Team
Illustration: Popular Irish Surnames Or Last Names With Meanings
Image: Dall·E/MomJunction Design Team
Personal Experience: Source
MomJunction articles include first-hand experiences to provide you with better insights through real-life narratives. Here are the sources of personal accounts referenced in this article.
i. The Origins of Your Irish Surnames.https://www.aletterfromireland.com/the-origins-and-journey-of-your-irish-surname/
References
- Bell: Some Notes on the Surname’s Origins.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/27696706 - The Origin and Brief History of the Clan Bell.
https://www.clanbell.org/history.html - Quoth the Raven.
https://rachelcarsoncouncil.org/quoth-the-raven/ - The Myth of the Salmon of Knowledge.
https://gradlife.nd.edu/about/why-the-salmon/ - St. Brogan.
https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02795a.htm - Origin of the O’Doherty Surname.
https://www.odohertyheritage.org/name - Deer mythology and folklore.
https://treesforlife.org.uk/into-the-forest/trees-plants-animals/mammals/deer/deer-mythology-and-folklore/ - The Griffin, King of the Beasts.
https://library.missouri.edu/news/special-collections/the-griffin-king-of-the-beasts - Surnames.
https://www.irishgenealogy.ie/en/2016-family-history/modules-courses/surnames
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