Baby Teething: What Are Its Signs And How To Soothe The Pain?

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Teething in babies occurs when the baby’s first tooth comes out through the gums. Although it adds to their cuteness and makes us adore them even more, it may not be as enjoyable for the baby. Parents constantly worry about when their baby will get their first tooth, especially the pain and fussiness it mostly brings along. However, there are certain signs that indicate the start of teething. Knowledge about them may help you prepare in advance for the process. In this post, we will tell you about teething, its signs, ways to help your baby cope with the pain, and times when medical intervention may be required.

When Does Teething Start In Babies?

For most babies, teething typically starts between 6 and 12 months.

And, babies have their set of primary teeth by the age of three (1).

Teething In Order Of Eruption

Babies get their teeth in pairs. The lower front teeth come first, and the upper front teeth usually erupt a couple of months later. Then appear the lower and upper lateral teeth, followed by first molars, canines, and second molars. So, by three years of age, your baby would have a set of 20 primary teeth (2).

Baby Tooth Timeline

This is the normal growth schedule of teeth but it is not necessary for all the babies to teeth as per the schedule. Some may have them earlier while some may have later.

When Should You Be Concerned If Your Baby Isn’t Teething?

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The average age of teething is around six months. Teething before six months is considered early teething. If the baby is not teething until 13 months, then it is considered delayed teething.

Don’t worry if your baby’s teething is delayed; it varies from one child to another. As long as your baby’s hair, skin, and bone growth are normal, there is nothing to worry about. Delayed teething doesn’t indicate any problem in the overall development of your baby.

Teething could be delayed due to:

• hereditary reasons
• poor nutrition
• hypothyroidism
• premature birth (3)

However, if you think that there is no family history and your child is getting adequate nutrition, and yet your baby hasn’t started teething, then you must consult your doctor. But first, look out for the signs as they would tell you when the tooth might appear.

What Are The Signs Of Teething?

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Babies turn fussy because of soreness and swelling when the tooth cuts through the gums. The symptoms appear three to six days before the tooth erupts and stop once the tip of the tooth comes out of the gums.

Teething is an easy and quick process for some babies, but for some, it can be slow and painful. The typical signs and symptoms of teething are (1) :

• Red and swollen gums, which are bruised and sore.

• Excessive drooling as the baby keeps every object in their mouth. The drooling can last up to several weeks until a tooth erupts.

• Rubbing of the ear. The pain in the gums causes ear pain too, as gums and ears share the same neural pathways.

• Excessive biting and chewing due to the pressure of the eruption of teeth through the gums. Babies bite and chew everything and anything to get relief from the pain and because of the lingering pain, the baby may have sleeplessness. Sore gums make your baby restless, so they tend to express that by crying and being cranky and irritable.

• Lack of interest in food or eating. The pressure of sucking or chewing food can cause more discomfort to the already aching gums; so babies lose appetite and sometimes reject food altogether.

• Babies pull their cheeks due to the discomfort around the jawline and cheeks.

• There can be mild rashes around the mouth, and on the chest due to excessive drooling.

• Sometimes teething is accompanied by mild fever.

If the symptoms are severe or if your child has the following symptoms, remember it is most likely not due to teething:

• Temperature above 101° Celsius
• Diarrhea
• A runny nose and cough
• Rashes on the body

In such cases consult your Pediatrician. You should also take the baby to a doctor if they cry inconsolably due to excruciating pain.

Quick tip

During teething, excessive saliva is produced, which may make your baby gag or cough occasionally (14).

Remedies To Soothe Your Baby’s Teething Pain

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It is agonizing for you to see your baby gnawing pain. Therefore, help them get some relief with these remedies (4):

1. Wet soft cloth to chew on: Give your child clean, wet, cool washcloth to chew on. Cold objects ease the pain and reduce the urge to chew. If your baby doesn’t like cold things, give a regular teether at room temperature. Some sources suggest using a chamomile-soaked cloth, but there’s limited evidence supporting its effectiveness. Hence, consult with your pediatrician before using this method.

2. Teethers: You can give your child frozen teething rings, as the texture massages the gums and the chillness numbs the pain. However, do not give them extremely cold objects as they can aggravate their discomfort.

3. Frozen foods and popsicles: If your baby is on solids, give mesh teethers with frozen foods inside. Don’t give baby foods that pose a choking hazard. It is a good idea to give popsicles to toddlers.

4. Massage: You can gently massage your baby’s gums with a clean finger or cold teething ring. It will soothe the pain. The babies might resist it, so impress them with some tactics. Some parents might resort to unconventional methods and that might work too!

Jenny Hansen, a mom of a baby girl says, ‘‘We’d already run through Orajel, clove oil, teething toys, frozen washcloths and trying to feed her. She refused it all. I poured a little bit of (alcohol) into the cap of the bottle, dipped my finger in and rubbed it along her gums. The crying cut off like a lightswitch and she went to sleep (ⅰ).’’ However, we recommend that you take advice from your child’s pediatrician before trying such remedies.

5. Pain reliever: Give acetaminophen or ibuprofen for infants above six months of age to reduce the pain (4). However, do it only if your doctor prescribes the medicine.

Note: You should not give aspirin to babies younger than 20 months as it is associated with Reye syndrome (5) which is a rare but a severe disease.

6. Distract the little one: Give your baby a new toy, and spend more quality time with them. Do anything that could distract their mind from the pain.

7. Give them extra love: No matter how ill your baby is, all they sometimes need is those extra hugs, cuddles, and kisses. Your warmth can work like magic.

8. Solid foods such as cereal mix, yogurt, and applesauce also reduce the pain. Teething causes bleeding of gums, and there can be a bluish lump in the mouth. You need not worry about it; just use a cool wet cloth to reduce the effect.

Quick tip

Teething babies can be quite irritable. Ensure that your baby is comfortable and sleeps well, for which your baby needs to follow a fixed bedtime routine. Disruption in this routine can cause sleep troubles for your baby (15).

Things To Avoid While Teething

1. Avoid numbing agents. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (6) warns against using teething gels or soothing gels that contain benzociane and rubbing alcohol on your baby’s gums as it numbs the baby’s throat and makes swallowing difficult. It also warns against using topical numbing agents as it puts babies at the risk of reduced oxygen levels in the blood.

2. The FDA also warns against the use of herbal or homeopathic gels and teething tablets for babies (7). Their ingredients can cause heart problems and drowsiness.

3. Topical ointments aren’t of much help as they get washed out of the mouth when the baby drools.

4. Avoid amber teething necklaces. There’s no evidence that amber teething necklaces are good to soothe the pain. Avoid them as they could be a potential choking hazard.

5. Avoid giving clove oil as it can burn the gums.

The teething phase is one of the longest and painful developmental phases in a baby’s life. As a parent, you would wait for it to be over so that your baby is out of pain.

How Long Does Teething Pain Last?

There is no fixed time for teething. After the first tooth erupts and the pain is relieved, your baby will experience discomfort again when the molars make their way through the gums. Molars can cause more discomfort and pain than the front teeth because they are big in size and situated at the back of the mouth.

The eruption of teeth and relief from pain will not bring a happy ending to your baby’s teething process. In fact, your responsibilities will increase as you have to take care of those white pearls now.

Ways To Care Of Your Baby’s Teeth

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Primary (milk) teeth need as much care as permanent teeth do. Early dental hygiene can help prevent cavities. Here are some tips for your baby’s oral care (9):

• Clean your baby’s gum line with a gauze or soft cloth.

• Have separate cutlery (bowl, spoon, and fork) for your baby. Don’t use those utensils for others as it can cause infection.

• Give foods rich in vitamins and minerals to help build strong teeth. Your baby requires calcium, fluoride, phosphorus, and vitamin C, which are essential for healthy teeth and gum development.

• Avoid sugary foods and drinks as they decay teeth.

• Get a dental checkup done once the baby gets a set of 20 teeth.

• Make your baby drink from a cup and not a bottle. Drinking liquids from bottles or sippers decay teeth as the slow flow of milk and juices collects in the baby’s mouth and teeth, and remains there for a long time.

• As much as your baby would love it, avoid bottle feeding at night. The dripping of milk is broken into acid and gradually decays the teeth.

• Get the first dental checkup of your baby after 12 months or six months after the first tooth comes.

• Supplements and medicines in the form of flavored syrups can also affect the teeth as they are sweet and sticky. Therefore, rinse the baby’s mouth with water after giving the syrup.

• Once your baby completes 18 months, you can help your baby start brushing their teeth.

Brushing brings us to the next section.

Point to consider

Teething jewelry in the market claims to relieve pain and enable sensory stimulation. However, these jewelry pieces can be a choking hazard and even cause strangulation. Therefore, the FDA has not approved this jewelry (16).

Brushing Your Baby’s Teeth

As mentioned earlier, dental hygiene should begin even before the first tooth appears. You can clean the baby’s gumline using a finger brush or gauze cloth.

• The American Dental Association recommends the use of fluoride toothpaste once the baby’s first tooth erupts. But the paste size should be as small as a rice grain until your child is three years old.

• After three years, you can use paste the size of a pod for brushing. Once your baby crosses three years, you can give fluoride supplement if the water doesn’t have fluoride (8).

• Too much or too less of fluoride can be bad for your baby’s teeth. Too much of it can cause a condition called fluorosis (9), a common disorder characterized by the erosion of tooth enamel.

• Deficiency of fluoride results in dental caries (10), a condition in which the tooth decays over time due to acid-producing bacteria and fermentable carbohydrate along with saliva. It develops in the crowns and roots of the teeth and affects the primary teeth of infants and toddlers.

• Let your child brush twice daily (morning and night) and remind them not to swallow the toothpaste while brushing.

• Replace your child’s toothbrush every three months to avoid bacterial infection. Setting a consistent brushing routine can help your baby get habituated to oral hygiene early on.

Seeing your baby smile with a mouthful of tiny teeth can make your worries vanish, and your day becomes brighter. But with that pleasure comes the responsibility to take care of the baby’s primary teeth because they are the foundation for the permanent teeth. Set a regime, brush their teeth twice a day and avoid practices that could affect their oral health.

Infographic: How To Treat Baby’s Teething Pain?

Teething is part of a baby’s healthy growth but comes with its share of woes, such as teething pain. If your baby is going through this pain, look at the infographic below for some useful methods you can try for soothing teething pain.

Illustration: Momjunction Design Team

Teething may seem like a mildly uncomfortable phase for your infant. Help your teething infant with a few helpful methods mentioned in the following video and make them feel better today.

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Dr. Shailesh ShenoyMDS

Dr. Shailesh Shenoy has a post-graduate degree in Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry (MDS) from Yenepoya Dental College (2011). He is an associate of the Yenepoya Dental College and runs his own Pediatric and Multi-Specialty Dental Clinic in Mangalore, with eight years of experience.

Read full bio of Dr. Shailesh Shenoy

Dr. Ritika ShahBDS, CLC

Dr. Ritika Shah is a certified lactation counsellor (CLC) from iNational Health Care Academy, Singapore and a dental surgeon with more than seven years of clinical experience across various cities in India. She did her graduation in Dentistry from KM Shah Dental College.

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Rohit GarooBSc, MBA

Rohit Garoo is a writer-turned-editor with over 9 years of experience in content writing, editing, and content marketing. He did his bachelors in Science at St. Xavier's College, Hyderabad, and masters in Business Administration at Osmania University.

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Shinta Liz SunnyM.Tech

Shinta is a biotechnologist who is highly intrigued by science and technology. She holds a master's degree in Biotechnology from Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences and a PG Diploma in cellular and molecular diagnostics from Manipal University.

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